Mass-transfer operations / Robert E. Treybal.

Preface xiii -- 1. The Mass-Transfer Operations 1 Classification of the Mass-Transfer Operations 2 Choice of Separation Method 7 Methods of Conducting the Mass-Transfer Operations 8 Design Principles 11 Unit Systems 12 Part 1: Diffusion and Mass Transfer -- 2. Molecular Diffusion in Fluids 21 Steady-State Molecular Diffusion in Fluids at Rest and in Laminar Flow 26 Momentum and Heat Transfer in Laminar Flow 38 3. Mass-Transfer Coefficients 45 -- Mass-Transfer Coefficients in Laminar Flow 50 Mass-Transfer Coefficients in Turbulent Flow 54 Mass-, Heat-, and Momentum-Transfer Analogies 66 Mass-Transfer Data for Simple Situations 72 Simultaneous Mass and Heat Transfer 78 4. Diffusion in Solids 88 -- Fick's-Law Diffusion 88 Types of Solid Diffusion 93 5. Interphase Mass Transfer 104 Equilibrium 104 Diffusion between Phases 104 Material Balances 117 Stages 123 Part 2: Gas-Liquid Operations 6. Equipment for Gas-Liquid Operations 139 Gas Dispersed 139 Sparged Vessels (Bubble Columns) 140 Mechanically Agitated Vessels 146 Mechanical Agitation of Single-Phase Liquids 146 Mechanical Agitation, Gas-Liquid Contact 133 Tray Towers 138 Liquid Dispersed 186 Venturi Scrubbers 186 Wet ted-Wall Towers 187 Spray Towers and Spray Chambers 187 Packed Towers 187 Mass-Transfer Coefficients for Packed Towers 202 Cocurrent Flow of Gas and Liquid 209 End Effects and Axial Mixing 209 Tray Towers vs. Packed Towers 210 7. Humidification Operations 220 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and Enthalpy for a Pure Substance 220 Vapor-Gas Mixtures 227 Gas-Liquid Contact Operations 241 Adiabatic Operations 242 Nonadiabatic Operation: Evaporative Cooling 263 8. Gas Absorption 275 Equilibrium Solubility of Gases in Liquids 275 One Component Transferred; Material Balances 282 Countercurrent Multistage Operation; One Component Transferred 289 Continuous-Contact Equipment 300 Multicomponent Systems 322 Absorption with Chemical Reaction 333 9. Distillation Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Single-Stage Operation-Flash Vaporization 363 Differential, or Simple, Distillation Continuous Rectification-Binary Systems 171 Multistage Tray Towers-The Method of Ponchon and Savant 374 Multistage Tray Towers-Method of McCabe and Thiele 402 Continuous-Contact Equipment (Packed Towers) 426 Multicomponent Systems 431 Low-Pressure Distillation 460 Part 3: Liquid-Liquid Operations 10. Liquid Extraction 477 Liquid Equilibria 479 Equipment and Flowsheets 490 Stagewise Contact 490 Stage-Type Extractors 521 Differential (Continuous-Contact) Extractors 541 Part 4: Solid-Fluid Operations 11. Adsorption and Ion Exchange 565 Adsorption Equilibria 569 Single Gases and Vapors 569 Vapor and Gas Mixtures 575 Liquids 580 Adsorption Operations 585 Stagewise Operation 585 Continuous Contact 612 12. Drying 655 Equilibrium 655 Drying Operations 661 Batch Drying 662 The Mechanisms of Batch Drying 672 Continuous Drying 686 13. Leaching 717 Unsteady-State Operation 719 Steady-State (Continuous) Operation 731 Methods of Calculation 744 Index 767.